Thursday, January 23, 2020
paganbeo Pagan and Heathen Elements in Beowulf Essays -- Epic Beowulf
Pagan/Heathen Elements in Beowulf      In Beowulf the pagan element, which coexists alongside the Christian, sometimes in a seemingly contradictory fashion, is many faceted.  Certainly the pagan element seems to be too deeply interwoven in the text of Beowulf for us to suppose that it is due to additions made by scribes. While the poet’s reflections and characters’ statements are mostly Christian, the customs and ceremonies, on the other hand, are almost entirely heathen/pagan. This fact seems to point to a heathen work which has undergone revision by Christian minstrels. â€Å"The poet’s heroic age is full of men both ‘emphatically pagan and exceptionally good,’ men who believe in a God whom they thank at every imaginable opportunity. Yet they perform all the pagan rites known to Tacitua, and are not Christian†(Frank 52).  One of the foremost pagan practices in Beowulf is the burial rite of cremation. In the narrative after the conquest of Grendel, a gleeman sings the Finnsburh Episode, the story of a Danish peaceweaver who lost husband, brother and son in the feud. Once the tribes agreed to peace:  Then Hildeburh ordered                       her own dead son placed on the pyre                               beside his uncle Hnaef, their bone-cases burned,                      given full fire-burial. Beside them both                                 the noblewoman wept, mourned with songs.                            The warrior rose up; the mighty death-fire                            spiraled to heaven, thundered before the mound.                Their heads melted, their gashes spread open,                     the blood shot out of the body’s f... ...ons, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.  Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000         The poet â€Å"mentions pagan error, briefly and in passing (175-88), before depicting noble pagan monotheists for some 3000 lines†(Frank 58).     SECONDARY BIBLIOGRAPHY  Frank, Roberta. â€Å"The Beowulf Poet’s Sense of History.†In Beowulf – Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.   Robinson, Fred C.. â€Å"Apposed Word Meanings and Religious Perspectives.†In Modern Critical Interpretations: Beowulf, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Â
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Sabmiller Sources of Finance
SABMiller should combine those 4 sources of finance: retained profit, issuing shares, bond, debenture and bank loans. Each source of finance has its own advantages and disadvantages: †¢ Retained profit: When SABMiller use retained profit, it do not have to pay any brokerage fees. Retained profit is also flexible and simple. The manager can use this source of finance for different purposes. Because retained profit belong to the whole company, not any individual so there is no dilution of control. Furthermore, ‘all profit from investment belong to shareholders’.However, using retained pro fit could decrease the possibility to pay and paying high dividends to shareholders. †¢ Bank loans: As a new company enters Vietnamese market, SABMiller needs a large sum of capital to bulid its offices, equipments, raw material and invest in potential projects to earn more profit for its first stage of development. Therefore, borrow money from banks is a very suitable source of finance because they can provide a large amount of money. But asking for a loan from banks is so risky. When the company borrow money from banks, it must pay enough interest on time and the interest rate may be very high.Before lending the firm money, banks would look at SABMiller’s characters, ability to pay back, purpose of the loan, the amount of the loan, the repayment terms of the loan and secutity. If the business did not pay back the interest on time, it is nearly impossible for it to borrow money again. †¢ Issuing shares: It could be a long term source of finance when SABMiller is listed in stock market. If the firm has nice reputation and work well, it will motivate more shareholders to buy the shares, so SABMiller could raise a large sum of capital.Moreover, when the company issues share, it is more difficult for SABMiller to lose ownership and have takeover risk. But as well as its advantages, issuing shares also has many limitations. If there is a reduction on in a shareholder’s percentage of controlling a company, the dilution of control will appear. The cost involved may be high, such as floatation cost, brokerage fees, underwritten fees, administrative fees, legal. Furthermore, issuing shares is so adventurous and risky because if the performance of the company go down, the price of shares will decrease, even it might be very low.The business can have backrupt trouble when the price of share go down too much. When SABMiller cannot repay the debt to creditors, it will lead to backruptcy. †¢ Issuing bonds and debentures: These sources of finance could be used in long term. The company could have a less expensive loan from its creditor. However, debenture stock have to compete with gilts to draft investors. And because debenture stock has higher risk, ‘company debentures must generally offer a higher rate of interest than the interest rate of gilts’. Unless the business pay their debt on time, it will lose its assets and money.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
How Has Paper Money Changed Since 1990 - 1674 Words
Ever since 1690, when the first paper money was issued by the Massachusetts Bay Colony, paper money has been constantly changing. Throughout the history of the United States paper money, the United States has gone through different types of currency. The different types of currency ranged from State Bank Notes to Gold Certificates to National Bank Notes to Silver Certificates to Federal Reserve Bank Notes, and now ending with Federal Reserve Notes. However, in the mean time counterfeit money had been gaining circulation and â€Å"thirty-six percent of the dollar value of known counterfeit currency passed in the U.S. was produced overseas, particularly in Colombia, Italy, Hong Kong, the Philippines and Bangkok†(Fun Facts About Money). In†¦show more content†¦For the first time to change since Series 1905 $20 Gold Certificated were the $20 bills. â€Å"The redesigned $20 bill features subtle background colors of green, peach and blue, as well as images of the American eagle†(History of Currency Designs). These newly coated bills started circulation in October 2003. Similar to the redesigned $20 bills, the $50 bills have blue, red, peach, and purple background colors imaging the American flag and a small metallic light blue star, which started coming out on September 28, 2004. Microprinted words like FIFTY, USA, and 50 can be found repeated within both side borders of the bill, on President Ulysses S. Grants collar, under his beard, and in two of the blue stars to the left of the portrait, respectively. â€Å"A redesigned Series 2004A $10 bill was issued on March 2, 2006. The A in the series designation indicates a change in some feature of the bill, in this case, a change in the Treasurers signature†(The Redesigned Currency). The new $10 bills have slight colors ranging from red to orange to peach with the Statue of Liberty’s torch in red on the left side and the words â€Å"We the People†also in red on the right. Like the $50 notes, the new $10 bills have micorprinted words â€Å"USA†and â€Å"10†below the torch and â€Å"THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA and TEN DOLLARS can be found below the portrait, as well as vertically inside the left and right borders of the bill†(The Redesigned Currency). It seems that the mostShow MoreRelated Portuguese Immigration to Canada Essay1209 Words  | 5 Pageserupted, known as the Capelinhos, which end up making Portuguese families and pioneers move to North America (Morrison James, 2009), because the living conditions had changed. Many Portuguese people immigrated to Canada in order to make a better living, looking for a job for them to survive and to not serve the war. This paper will discuss the Portuguese minority ethnic group in Canada, and to take a further look into details. It will discuss the Portuguese arrival into Canada, and the statisticalRead MoreThe Changes in Communication Technology and Media Have Changed the Way Ne ws Companies Produce and Distribute Information to the World1045 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction Newspapers and Magazines have altered significantly since the late 1990s and continue to change due to the rapid developments of technology. Conversion of newspaper to online, instant access to news and online magazines are considerable changes within the print media industry due the technological advancements since the late 1990’s. News content can now be streamed on any technological device, therefore the news can be now be carried around and checked at anytime and anywhere in theRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Corporations Essay806 Words  | 4 PagesAbstract This paper explores the importance of social responsibility within corporations. This paper also explores â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits†by Milton Friedman and his stance on social responsibility. Friedman believed that corporations should not waste money on new initiatives if it was just to appease the public, especially if it went above what laws required. Examples are shown how corporations must listen to the customer or it could hurt the profitabilityRead MoreHow Hackers Have Changed Our World1174 Words  | 5 PagesHow hackers have changed our world, and views on society since the 1990’s to present days Cheyenne Balentine Eastern Michigan University â€Æ' How hackers have changed our world, and views on society since the 1990’s to present days. My project is going to be on the history of hacking. The term ‘Hacking’ was invented before 1990, but was not as popular or used for the same things by the 1990’s, it picked up a whole different meaning as technology advanced (Baase, 2015, pg. 230 para.1). In this paperRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage Increases On Inflation Essay825 Words  | 4 PagesIntroduction There is an old clichà © that say â€Å"the more money you make, the more you spend.†How accurate is this statement? What effects does wage increases, have on inflation? Lately the topic of discussion conveys the matter of minimum wage increases sparking an increase the cost of living. The individuals who would not receive pay raises; but will be affected by cost of living increases as well as labor costs, do not want to see the wages go up. However there are people scrambling to surviveRead MoreFinancial Risk Of For College Aid From The Department Of Education1294 Words  | 6 Pagesfederal agencies. When private lenders are involved in the student loan program, they get paid but add no economic value to the process beyond the provision of capitalâ€â€a role the federal government plays quite efficiently. CSHE Research Occasional Paper Series Shireman, STRAIGHT TALK ON STUDENT LOANS 5 A Brief History of Student Loans When Congress started guaranteeing student loans in 1965, it was an economist’s nightmare and a politician’s dream come true. For Congress, placing the full faith andRead MoreCivil War Essay1393 Words  | 6 PagesCivil War Paper Darrell Jones HIS/110 August 22, 2012 Adolph Woodard Civil War Paper The Civil War was fought between Americans from the North and the South. Many factors led to the eventual conflict, but none was more important than the issue of slavery. While Northerners felt slavery was essentially against what America stood for, Southerners depended on slavery to maintain their economy. The conflict resulted in the South wanting to secede from the Union and exist as a collection of ConfederateRead MoreOnline Banking And Its Impact On The United States1001 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction: Since the 1980’s, online banking has made the lives of everyday people more convenient. With the new innovations and creations to computers, online banking has grown to become the most used form of banking in the US (5). From the first ATM to mobile banking technology has helped shape One of the first computerized innovations to online banking, the credit card, revolutionized how cash was money was used in society. 1950 – 1960’s: During the 1950 a man named Frank X. McNamara, wasRead MoreThe Internet And Other Electronic Media1245 Words  | 5 Pagesonline services. Introduction: The banking arena during the last decade has seen a significant expansion in banking technology. The most prominent aspects of the expansion of banking technology is the spread of electronic banking, which is a newfangled and different trend from traditional banks to achieve many of the benefits. Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council has defined online banking as â€Å"The automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and servicesRead MoreRecent Changes in British Society and Greater Diversity of Family Types1379 Words  | 6 Pagesfamily life in London for over twenty years. They believe that the family has changed over four stages. I have researched the four stages so I can see changes in society such as industrialisation, and the way it has effected the family. Stage one is the pre-industrial family, which was a close knit unit of production who worked as a team mainly in textiles and agriculture. The family then changed as it ceased to be a unit of production and family members became individual
Monday, December 30, 2019
Is The Lengths Of Our Fingers Are So - 1478 Words
Have you ever pondered why the lengths of our fingers are so disproportional? It exists to prohibit imbalance and so that human beings can have a firmer grasp on certain objects. Comparable are our lives against it since we also encounter endless struggles as well as contentment all tended to stabilize our lives which counteracts extreme exposure to any one of the situations. But what if we begin to shatter this stability in the greed to only gain the better of the two? Well, we commence to fight our fates and develop conflicts in our own paths without acceptance towards miscellaneous situations. The same is portrayed in the play, A Raisin in the Sun, where each member of the Younger family persistently endeavors to fulfil his or her dreams. Each of the member’s prime necessity is money in order to achieve a better lifestyle and to elevate in the minds of White Americans who deem African Americans as a meager race, excluding Beneatha, the daughter of the family who intends to engage more in her culture than just wealth. Unfortunately in the surge of their desires, both the American society and the Younger family forget the requirement of acceptance in their lives. In this play, the message that Lorraine Hansberry attempts to convey to us is that as human beings, we all should attempt to maintain acceptance towards certain situations in order to understand the opposition’s complications, to face the reality with strength and to avert racism and inhumanity. Most of us keep aShow MoreRelatedBiometric Scanners Technologies Over Passwords And Passphrase1096 Words  | 5 Pagesindividual is who he or she claims to be, but says nothing about the access rights of the individual discussion. Passwords and passcodes are used to authenticate devices. Biometric scan technology are recently introduced to authenticate the users by finger prints, retina scanner and facial scanner. The reliability and security of the Biometric scan methods is superior to the Password Technology. Passwords and Passcodes Alpha numeric passwords are introduced in 1960s to overcome security methods. AlphaRead MoreEthos, Pathos, Logos, And Rhetorical Devices914 Words  | 4 Pageslike your fingers are weak? Well Finger Flexors can help with that. Finger Flexors are used by many musicians around the world. They help strengthen finger muscles so that musicians are able to play or learn their instruments with ease. New musicians’ fingers get exhausted from playing their instruments for a length of time. Our company has produced Finger Flexors to improve the endurance of your fingers in order to play long pieces of music with ease. All ages of musicians can use Finger Flexors toRead MoreMaking A Hat With A Pom Pom1621 Words  | 7 Pageslearned how to make a basic loom hat, you can start using more materials or not as many materials when making a loom hat. The second step to do is make the knot. You first need to grab the string on the yarn and wrap it twice around two of your fingers on the hand that you use less. In my case, I would wrap the string around my left hand since I use my right hand more to do things. When you have wrapped it, the string closest to the middle of your palm will go over the string farthest from yourRead MoreHomosexuality: Choice or genetic?902 Words  | 4 PagesHomosexuality has become an important issue in our community creating much controversy. The liberal citizens of our country congratulate those who have made the hard decision to â€Å"come out.†The decision to be openly homosexual is hard for some because of the rare acceptance that they receive. Society has made it so hard for homosexuals to be accepted, given the discrimination and hate crimes against them. The rights that have been taken from homosexuals, such as marriage, have led to a quest forRead MorePersuasive Speech On Karate Kni fe924 Words  | 4 PagesNonetheless, if you like a better fit like I do, I always trim the sleeves and the length of the pants to meet my body size. It doesn’t matter what brand I purchase they are always a bit longer than my preferred length. If you choose the right size and fabric, your gi should not obstructing any maneuver in your daily training. Ideally, the sleeve length is about four fingers up to your wrist. And the pants length is four fingers from the ankle. Also, care for the stitchings on the lapel, under the armRead MoreGary Lightbody’s â€Å"Set the Fire to the Third Bar†Imagine two people hopelessly in love yet they800 Words  | 4 PagesFire to the Third Bar†, telling the listeners that both of them are making this journey to each other. â€Å" It’s only finger-lengths that I see, I touch the place where I’d find your face, my fingers in creases of distant dark places,†( 4-6) describes where the two lovers are looking at a map to start their journey. On the map, the distance doesn’t seem that far, only a finger-length to them. The use of the words distant and dark, however describes their emotions of being far apart from each otherRead MoreThe Deck Essay735 Words  | 3 PagesThe deck should start flat on your palm, roughly parallel to the floor. Your forefinger curls up and around the front end of the deck, your thumb extends along the left side of the deck, and your second, third, and fourth fingers press lightly on the right side of the deck, contacting it at each of their initial joint lines (photo ?). Slightly bend your wrist, tilting the front end of the deck to allow the majority of the deck’s weight to come to rest on your forefinger. This starting positionRead MoreEssay About Books At Home1738 Words  | 7 Pagesâ€Å"My hometown,†he replies nonchalantly. He hides his hands within his trouser pockets as he gazes at his feet. Ignoring his evasion, I continue my investigations. One overly stuffed, cream sofa sits next to an open door to our left. Such a peculiar place to house a sofa. Maybe it looked too empty in here without it. On each wall resides a long, mahogany table. Some hold cream shaded lamps, others hold picture frames. My curiosity heightens, encouraging me to inspect every picture. Nevertheless, myRead MoreTips For How Your Nails Done At Home1052 Words  | 5 Pageswith completing our daily duties with split and broken nails. For that matter, the ability to care for our nails at home may be one of the best ways to hide the most embarrassing problems that a nail could possibly have. Good looking nails can define a person in manner that will want a person to keep good looking nails without taking any sort of over the counter protein vitamins for a lifetime. Not only will nails make a person look better when showing off their hands; caring for our hands at homeRead MoreGay Straight, And The Re ason Why Essay1497 Words  | 6 PagesIt has long been debated where our sexual orientation comes from, particularly whether its biological or social forces driving these behaviors. In regards to homosexuality and bisexuals, some have argued that it may be a choice that these individuals are making.(Levay 2012: 41)Some have even said it is a mental disorder that one can recover from, but there is plenty of data that says otherwise.(Levay 2012: 41)(Levay 2012: 65) I believe diverse sexual orientations develop in humans due to sex hormones
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Customer Service Skills Training Proposal - 1342 Words
Customer Service Skills Training Proposal Introduction Customer Service Skills Training for employees will meet the needs of the customers and will result in higher service in excellence. According to Rummler, â€Å"surveying other supervisors or managers to ascertain what K/S they think the targeted group of employees require or organizing a focus group of the targeted population of employees and asking them what K/S input they think they need†(Rummler, 2008, p. 84). The training material needs to be relevant to the needs of the learning by providing a needs assessment, a training proposal and the recommendations. Employees will demonstrate knowledge and customer skills through participation and written responses to specific scenarios†¦show more content†¦What is needed to ensure learning and motivated attendance? †¢ Training should be part of the employee’s employment requirement (Performance Evaluation) †¢ Employee incentives/awards system (i.e. gift cards, level process – Level 1, Level 2, etc.) Who will be providing the training? The training will be provided by a Specialist, Supervisors, Manager, Coach/Mentor and peers (on-the-job training). LMS (Computer-based training) Learning Management System What is the training cost or the ROI (Return on Investment)? Train-the-trainer will lower the cost of outsourcing a Professional Trainer. In addition, regular customer service survey will measure the rate in which customers will return and the likelihood that they will refer a friend/family. Details of Training Proposal: The Customer Service Skills training will begin on March 26, 2017 and continue for a duration of two weeks. Both existing and new employees who meeting and greet customers via telephone and/or in-person will participate in the training. Estimated cost of the training program: $2,000 Customer Service Training Proposal Training Title: Customer Service Skills Objectives: 1. Improving Communication Skills: o Learning proper telephone etiquette and in-person meet and greet. 2. Recognizing and addressing Customer Behavior: o Assisting customers having difficulties (in-person/telephone). o Providing other non-communicating customer service skills (i.e. assistanceShow MoreRelatedWidgets R Us999 Words  | 4 Pages Los Angeles, California 95757 OFFICE (213-546-2803) FAX (213-546-2805) Request for Proposal Training services for Workforce Employees Training on Microsoft Office Programs Inquiries and Proposals Should Be Directed To: Ben Johnson Professional Development Coordinator Widgets â€Å"R†Us BenJohnson@widgetsrus.org EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER/TRAINER WIDGETS â€Å"R†US 1-800-649-3778 Read MoreCook Out is a restaurant that has been recently opened in the Hampton Roads area. This new1700 Words  | 7 Pagesdeliver better services, there have been little efforts to train the employees to realize their full potential. These employees are vital to the success of Cook Out restaurant as they are in constant contact with new customers. Our consultation company has been involved in developing and planning training programs for medium sized and small restaurants in the state of Virginia. These programs have enabled the company staff to make great strides in career development on planning training programs. Read MoreSample Resume : Customer Service Training Proposal Essay1676 Words  | 7 Pages Customer Service Training Proposal For GetYourStuff.com 43 North East Street, Campbell Submitted to: Daniel Joseph Director-Customer Service Submitted by: Stephen Josh Team Lead-Customer Service Read MoreProven Record Of Food Service Industry With 30 Years Of Experience And Industry Intelligence1255 Words  | 6 PagesProven record in food service industry with 30 years of experience and industry intelligence, capabilities include: leading by example, with a strong work ethic, while demonstrating integrity, creative strategies with consistent follow through and effective project management skills. †¢ Self-starter with strong organizational skills. †¢ Demonstrate the ability in establishing both internal and external long-term strategic partnerships. †¢ Pragmatic decision maker and proven problem solver. †¢ DevelopedRead MoreBusiness Management1669 Words  | 7 Pages0001-0001 Dear Executive team: Until recently, the Roanoke branch of Virginia represented Phoenix Advertising vision to exceed and excel in customers satisfaction and the unparalleled leader of value-added support services and integrity in advertising and personal relationship. Unfortunately, as you may be aware of, in the last three months customers’ complaints have jumped drastically because of the quality of work produced at the Roanoke branch of Virginia. As you may all known, clients servedRead MoreTraining Strategy Proposal Essay1400 Words  | 6 PagesTraining Strategy Proposal Training and development imply changes, particularly changes in knowledge, skills, attitudes, or social behaviors, and although many strategies exist for effecting change, training and development are common and important ones. Organizations exist everywhere and with each organization it has its own set of objectives to function effectively. To have an organization function effectively, the organization must subdivide its overall objectives into various jobs. Jobs differRead MoreMarketing Proposal : Marketing Plan1575 Words  | 7 PagesGreyston Bakery Marketing Proposal Executive Summary Marketing is a very crucial component of every business. The case study mentioned in this paper discusses a complex business structure, where the company’s goals are more concerned with community and environment sustainability. However, for the concerned company to achieve its goals, the Chief Executive Officer needs to improve its profitability without deviating from the core mission. This proposal will address the key issues facing the companyRead MoreProposal For Services For First Class Automotive Repair1081 Words  | 5 PagesOMNIBUS INDUSTRIES PROPOSAL FOR SERVICES For First Class Automotive Repair OVERVIEW Omnibus Industries is pleased to submit this proposal for services to assist First Class Automotive Repair with expanding its operation, both online and offline by providing a complete web presence solution and marketing strategy. We have partnered with many small businesses throughout Canada and are committed to utilizing our extensive experience to meet the needs of First Class Automotive Repair. Objective Read MoreInformation Regarding The Job Performance Of Candidates1597 Words  | 7 Pageshigh turnover undermines the development of activities within the organisation and as a result the quality of customer service. Therefore, the organisation was invited to join a team that was responsible for the recruitment and selection of human resources of this entity in an attempt to resolve the issue. This team, with the help and proper monitoring of those responsible for its services, acted to reduce this turnover. In accordance of Siddique et.al (2014), the consequence of reducing the turnoverRead MoreImplementing A New Training And Development Program At English Home Furnishings1720 Words  | 7 PagesCouncil, General Manager DATE: September 16, 2016 SUBJECT: Proposal to Implement a New Training and Development Program Attached is the proposal to implement a new training and development program at English Home Furnishings. This new program will go in effect on November 1, 2016. This four week program will allow all employees to have the same experience and knowledge when selling the products for the company. Due to the lack of training with new hires, this has caused a decline in sales due to
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays
Despite of addition in public and private health care sector outgo, the use of health care services in India has remained hapless. Issues related to Maternal and child wellness are of concern.1 For the wellness and well-being of a kid, every bit good as household and social wellbeing, prenatal and postpartum attention of female parent is necessary. We will write a custom essay sample on Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now India ‘s Reproductive and Child Health programme2- Sing high maternal and child deceases, authorities of India has ever aimed at turn toing these issues through concrete wellness plans. India was the first state to establish the national household planning programme. It was subsequently integrated into household public assistance programme. The International Conference on Population Development ( ICPD ) , 1994 and the Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995 held at Beijing, China emphasized on gender equity and sustainable development. These conferences suggested the generative wellness plans to look after gender issues behind the wellness jobs, adult females ‘s wellness demands throughout their life span and work forces ‘s duty to esteem adult females ‘s generative rights. ICPD helped India to explicate an integrated programme which could travel beyond the household planning and emphasis on gender equity. The generative and child wellness programme in India was so started in 1997. The 2nd stage of this programme came in action along with National Rural Health Mission in 2005, which emphasized on the betterment of handiness and entree of the health care services by the people particularly adult females, kids and weaker constituents of the society. The RCH programme covers the generative demands of adult females and work forces at all phases of life. The generative and child wellness programme of India is based on the basic constituents such as Child wellness ( child endurance and kid development ) and safe maternity ( including safe direction of unwanted gestation and abortion ) , Adolescent wellness ( gender development, adolescence instruction and vocational constituent ) , effectual household planning ( Ensuring Informed pick, Counseling, gender equality and greater male engagement ) , Prevention, sensing and direction of Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/ AIDS and malignant neoplastic disease of the generative system, Reproductive wellness attention of aged people. The chief focal point of the RCH programme is to cut down Maternal and Infant mortality and Entire Fertility Rate. The programme is operated all over the state through primary, secondary and third populace health care system. Decentralized attack is the cardinal constituent of this programme. 1.1.2 Use of RCH services- Use of health care services can be assessed by patient ‘s every bit good as wellness professional ‘s position. The patient ‘s position can be subjective based on the services reported by the patient or the quality of services felt by the patient, or objective based on the services offered by the health care installation to the patient. The wellness professional may see towards the use of services by economic facet such as the figure of patients, figure of visits etc.3 The use of RCH services can be assessed by the use of all its constituents. Maternal Mortality and morbidity, Infant mortality and kid mortality, and entire birthrate rate are the basic indexs of handiness, use and effectivity of MCH services. Status of these indexs reflects the position of health care services in the country.5 Assorted factors are responsible for the use of RCH services, for illustration, degrees of instruction, socio-economic position, environmental factors such as entree to the wellness Centre, healthcare substructure etc. Study of use of these services, hence requires consideration of all these determiners of the health care utilization.4 1.2 Global scenario- The Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) set up by WHO for MMR is 109, for IMR is 28 and for Under-5 mortality rate is 42 by the terminal of twelvemonth 2015. High difference in these indexs in developed and developing states shows the difference in handiness and use of RCH services in developed and developing countries.6 1.2.1 MCH in developed countries- In developed states such as cardinal and western Europe, Australia etc, the use of preventative services is really high among females than males. The surveies done in early 1970ss have helped the developed states to better the wellness service use. The of import factors indentified were mean cost per visit, wellness insurance coverage, age, instruction etc. This resulted in lower maternal mortality rates, e.g. 5 in Sweden ; 3 in Denmark, Norway and Israel ( Population Action International, 1995 ) . In United States it is found that black adult females make well less usage of wellness services than white opposite numbers, due to socio-cultural factors. The addition in migratory population and their certain constructs lead to non-utilization of services in Sweden.7,8 The World Health Organization has identified Cuba as an illustration of â€Å" good wellness at low cost †achieved through policies that address the determiners of wellness and are based on just entree, catholicity and governmental control. They have focused on three major initiatives-1 ) primary attention through polyclinics, 2 ) comprehensive attack at the community degree and 3 ) feedback from community.9 1.2.2. MCH in developing countries- In recent old ages, developing states are influenced by findings in developed states, for measuring the quality of their wellness attention. Results have received particular accent as a step of quality. Measuring results is utile as an index of the effectivity of different intercessions and as portion of a monitoring system directed to bettering quality of attention every bit good as observing its impairment. In Indonesia usage of an unskilled birth attender and giving birth at place are most common among the poorest and least educated adult females. The kids of these adult females have the highest hazard of infant mortality. The infant mortality rate differs greatly by part of entree to wellness services. In Ethiopia, socio demographic features of adult females, cultural context, handiness, consumer satisfaction influenced wellness service use. 1.3 Local scenario- The national rural wellness mission 2005 set up certain ends to better the wellness service use by people shacking in rural countries, adult females, kids and the hapless in India. The mark for MMR is 100, IMR 30 and TFR 2.1 by the terminal of 2012.10 The present Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 212. Infant mortality rate has declined to 49, while Under-5 mortality rate is still 64. Entire birthrate rate of the state is 2.6, which is higher in rural country i.e. 2.9 as compared to urban country which is 2.0.11 Harmonizing to NFHS-3 information, merely 44 percent adult females use the prenatal attention in the first trimester of gestation, and merely 52 percent adult females give 3-4 visits to wellness Centre enemy ANC services during the entire gestation period. Merely 47 percent births are attended by wellness forces including physician, ANM, nurse, accoucheuse or lady wellness visitant. Merely 37 percent adult females receive post-natal attention within two yearss of bringing which is supposed to be a critical period. Use of these services is different in rural and urban country. Though coverage of ICDS is high in the state, merely 28percent kids receive the services provided through ICDS. Merely 44 per centum kids are to the full vaccinated while 5 per centum kids are non given any inoculation. Percentage of kids which are taken to healthcare Centre for the Acute Respiratory Infections ( ARI ) , fever and diarrhea scopes from 60-69 in different provinces of the state. Most common ground for non utilizing public wellness installations is hapless quality of service, followed by non-availability of the health care installation nearby.12 The use of RCH services differs in different provinces of India. Nature and extent of the relationship between maternal instruction and use of MCH services differ between the North and South of India and that this difference is mostly determined by the north-south derived functions in the general socio-economic and cultural environment in which adult females live. 1.4 Rationale of the study- The Maternal, baby and under-5 kids mortality rates have shown important diminution from the beginning of 2nd stage of RCH programme, which reflect the positive alteration in handiness and use of RCH services. But as compared to the MDG ends every bit good as NRHM ends for these indexs, there is farther demand to work on the betterment of use of these services. Kolhapur is the southernmost territory in Maharashtra province. It is divided in 12 talukas and five sub-divisions for administrative intents. The entire population of the territory is 35,23,165 out of which around 24,72,809 population resides in rural area.13 The organisation of RCH programme in Kolhapur territory consists of a District Hospital, two sub-district infirmaries, 18 rural infirmaries ( RH ) , 73 Primary wellness Centres ( PHCs ) and 413 sub-centres.14 Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory covers 4 rural infirmaries, 13 PHCs and 52 sub-centres. The use of RCH services in the wellness Centres based in Radhanagari sub-division is low, while there is overburden on the territory infirmary for these services. Therefore, on recommendations of Sub-divisional Office, Radhanagari and sing all the factors impacting the use of RCH services, the survey is planned to analyse the use form of RCH services, grounds for non-utilization of these services at different degrees i.e. RH and PHC and besides to propose the possible steps to better the use of services in the Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory, Maharashtra. 1.5 Aims of the study- To find the use of RCH services in Radhanagari sub-division of Kolhapur territory. To happen out the grounds for utilization/non-utilization of these services. How to cite Indias Reproductive And Child Health Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Strict Liability free essay sample
Topics in Criminal Law May 25, 2010 Abstract Strict liability crimes require no culpable mental state and present a significant exception to the principle that all crimes require a conjunction of action and mens rea. Strict liability offenses make it a crime simply to do something, even if the offender has no intention of violating the law or causing the resulting harm. Strict liability is based philosophically on the presumption that causing harm is in itself blameworthy regardless of the actor’s intent (Schmalleger, Hall Dolatowski, 2010). Strict liability crimes require no culpable mental state and present a significant exception to the principle that all crimes require a conjunction of action and mens rea. Strict liability offenses make it a crime simply to do something, even if the offender has no intention of violating the law or causing the resulting harm. Strict liability is based philosophically on the presumption that causing harm is in itself blameworthy regardless of the actor’s intent (Schmalleger, Hall Dolatowski, 2010). Mens area is the mental aspect of criminal law; it can be easily summarized as the idea of motive. A guilty mind in isolation doesn’t necessarily make him/her criminally guilty. There are essentially four different kinds of Mens rea, intention, where it was planned. Knowledge, negligence and recklessness are the other circumstances where an individual can be describe as being guilty of the mind(Simons, 1997). Criminal liability is what unlocks the logical structure of the Criminal Law. Each element of a crime that the prosecutor needs to prove (beyond a reasonable doubt) is a principle of criminal liability. There are some crimes that only involve a subset of all the principles of liability, and these are called crimes of criminal conduct. Burglary, for example, is such a crime because all you need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt is an actus reus concurring with a mens rea. There are crimes that involve all the principles of liability, and these are called true crimes. Homicide, is such a crime because you need to prove actus reus, mens rea, concurrence, causation, and harm. The requirement that the prosecutor must prove each element of criminal liability beyond a reasonable doubt is called the corpus delicti rule(Simons, 1997). Strict criminal liability is understood as criminal liability that does not require the defendant to possess a culpable state of mind. Modern criminal codes typically include as possible culpable states of mind the defendants intention to bring about a prohibited result, her belief that such a result will follow or that a prohibited circumstance will exist, her recklessness as to such a result or circumstance, or her negligence with respect to such a result or circumstance. Strict criminal liability, then, is simply liability in the absence of intention, belief, recklessness, or negligence(Simons, 1997). We must also distinguish between strict liability with respect to a result element of an offense and strict liability with respect to a circumstance element. Felony-murder, in its most severe form, is an example of strict liability with respect to a result-specifically, a death resulting from commission of the felony. The felon will be liable for the resulting death as if he had intended it, even if there is no proof of intent, or of any culpability. Statutory rape is a common example of strict liability with respect to a circumstance-specifically, the circumstance of whether the female victim is below the statutory age. A defendant can be guilty of statutory rape even if there is no proof that he believed, or reasonably should have believed, that she was below the statutory age. Thus, strict liabilities encompass both liabilities for faultless accidents and for faultless mistakes(Simons, 1997). Strict liability can also refer, not to lack of culpability with respect to a result or a circumstance, but to lack of culpable conduct. That is, the actus reus of the crime might specify and prohibit certain conduct (whether action or omission) by the defendant. For example, a prohibition on driving an automobile above the statutory speed limit can be understood as imposing strict liability, insofar as it is irrelevant that the defendant did not have reason to know that she was traveling at that speed(Simons, 1997). Strict liability leads to conviction of persons who are, morally speaking, innocent. Therefore convicting and punishing those who do not deserve it perpetrates a serious wrong. Thus some argue that strict liability is a misuse of the criminal law an institution which, should be reserved only for the regulation of serious wrongs done by culpable wrongdoers. It does not follow, however, that all types of strict liability offences are wrong. In particular, there are reasons for thinking that strict liability may be legitimate in non-stigmatic regulatory offences, there are many reasons that can be considered in t essay but the focus will be on public protection(Simester and Sullivan, 2003). From another perspective the public gains greater protection from pollution. Moreover, there are likely to be fewer instances of the actus Reus when doing so is prohibited on a strict-liability basis, because the use of strict liability tends to encourage a higher level of precautions by potential defendants. As Lord Salmon stated : strict liability encourages riparian factory owners not only to take reasonable steps to prevent pollution but to do everything possible to ensure that they do not cause it Alphacell Ltd v. Woodward [1972]. Another case that reinforces this point is Donovan J, in St Margarets Trust Ltd [1958]. There would be little point in enacting that no one should breach the defenses against a flood, and at the same time excusing any one who did it innocently. The proposition that strict liability increases deterrence is implicit in one of the most common arguments given for abandoning a full mens rea requirement, that protection of the public sometimes requires a high standard of care on the part of those who undertake potential risk creating activities(Simester and Sullivan, 2003). There is however a dark side to the concept of strict liability. One of the main principles of criminal law is that a person should only be liable if they are at fault in some way, nevertheless imposition of strict liability contravenes this principle as people can be guilty of a criminal act whilst having no real fault. A case that illustrates this well is Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Storkwain Ltd 1986. Here a pharmacists conviction was upheld for supplying drugs without a valid prescription, even though he did not know the signature was forged. Strict liability then can be argued as an unjust method of enforcement for certain crimes, resulting in the innocent being labeled as the guilty(Simester and Sullivan, 2003). On a corporate perspective the need for effective regulation and prosecution of corporate defendants could alternatively be met by a negligence-based standard. Proof of negligence can be established without reference to the companys mental state, because negligence is based on conduct. It is, true that negligence necessitates that the prosecution establishes an actus reus by an employee that can be attributed to the company but the same constraint applies to strict liability, in finding who was strictly liable(Simester and Sullivan, 2003). References Roe, D. (2005) Criminal Law 3rd edition Schmalleger, Hall Dolatowski (2010). Criminal Law Today Simester and Sullivan, Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine (2nd ed. , 2003) Simons, Kenneth( 1997). When is strict criminal liability just? Journal of Criminal Law Criminology. Chicago: Summer1997. Vol. 87, Iss. 4; pg. 1075, 63 pgs Smith and Hogan(1999). Criminal law cases and materials 7th edition (1999) Storey T. and Lidbury(2004) Criminal law
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